In pursuit of the goals of the Paris Agreement, net-zero energy system scenarios incorporate a broad range of energy sources, primarily driven by renewables but also including residual fossil and nuclear energy combined with carbon removal strategies to provide pathways to limit global temperatures to 1.5°C of pre-industrial levels. Net-zero system scenarios are fundamentally based on (i) gradually phasing out fossil fuels and nuclear energy while mitigating sectoral impacts; and (ii) ass