Municipal solid waste (MSW), defined to include residential, commercial, and institutional waste,2 has increased over time and is projected to continue to grow. By 2050, in a business-as-usual scenario, the world is projected to generate 73 percent more MSW than in 2020. The increase will be driven by economic development, urbanization, and population growth. Given the rapid increase in quantities, significant global advances in waste management practices will be required to bring tangible